Atšķirības starp "Triumvirāts" versijām

Pašreizējā versija, 2009. gada 7. februāris, plkst. 08.17

Triumvirāts (lat. triumviratus; no tres, trium - "trīs" + viri - "vīri") - atkaribā no konteksta: 1. Triju personu kolēģija Senajā Romā, ko iecēla vai ievēlēja noteiktu sabiedrisku pienākumu pildīšanai. 2. Trijvaldība jeb alianse starp trim līdzīga ranga un ietekmes olitiskajiem līderiem - no valdīšanas formas Romā I gs.p.m.ē.: Pirmais triumvirāts (Jūlijs Cēzars, Gnejs Pompejs, Marks Krass) 60.-53. g.p.m.ē.; Otrais triumvirāts (Oktavians, Marks Antonijs, Lepids) 43.-36. g.p.m.ē.

Literatūra

• Valsts un tiesību vēsture jēdzienos un terminos. / Sast. P.Valters. - Divergens, Rīga, 2001., 76., 88. lpp.

• Ihne Wilhelm. Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution. - William Pickering, 1853
• Johnston Harold Whetstone. Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index. - Scott, Foresman and Company, 1891
• Tighe Ambrose. The Development of the Roman Constitution. - D. Apple & Co, 1886
• Von Fritz Kurt. The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity. - Columbia University Press, New York, 1975
• Crawford M. The Roman Republic. - Fontana Press, 1978
• Lintott A. The Constitution of the Roman Republic. - Oxford University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-19-926108-3
• Cicero, Marcus Tullius. The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. Vol. 1. / By Francis Barham, Esq. - Edmund Spettigue, London, 1841
• Polybius. The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek. Vol 2. / By Mr. Hampton. - Printed by W. Baxter, Oxford, 1823
• Abbott Frank Frost. A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. - Elibron Classics, 1901, ISBN 0-543-92749-0

• Karl Christ. Krise und Untergang der römischen Republik. - Darmstadt, 1979, S. 289
• Jochen Bleicken. Die Verfassung der Römischen Republik. - Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, ISBN 3-8252-0460-X
• Taylor Lily Ross. Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar. - The University of Michigan Press, 1966, ISBN 0-472-08125-X

Resursi internetā par šo tēmu

• Jona Lendering. Triumvir.
• Appian. The Civil Wars. / The Roman History. / translation by Horace White: Harvard University Press, 1912 and 1913

• Триумвират. - Словари и энциклопедии на Академике
• Иловайский Д.И. Октавиан и второй триумвират.
• Значение слова "Триумвират" в Большой Советской Энциклопедии