Atšķirības starp "Romas Senāts" versijām
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* Richard Talbert. The Senate of Imperial Rome. - Princeton, 1985, ISBN 0-691-05400-2 | * Richard Talbert. The Senate of Imperial Rome. - Princeton, 1985, ISBN 0-691-05400-2 | ||
| + | * Ihne Wilhelm. Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution. - William Pickering, 1853 | ||
| + | * Johnston Harold Whetstone. Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index. - Scott, Foresman and Company, 1891 | ||
| + | * Tighe Ambrose. The Development of the Roman Constitution. - D. Apple & Co, 1886 | ||
| + | * Von Fritz Kurt. The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity. - Columbia University Press, New York, 1975 | ||
| + | * Cameron A. The Later Roman Empire. - Fontana Press, 1993 | ||
| + | * Crawford M. The Roman Republic. - Fontana Press, 1978 | ||
| + | * Gruen E.S. The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. - U California Press, 1974 | ||
| + | * Millar F. The Emperor in the Roman World. - Duckworth, 1977, 1992 | ||
| + | * Lintott A. The Constitution of the Roman Republic. - Oxford University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-19-926108-3 | ||
| + | * Cicero, Marcus Tullius. The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. Vol. 1. / By Francis Barham, Esq. - Edmund Spettigue, London, 1841 | ||
| + | * Polybius. The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek. Vol 2. / By Mr. Hampton. - Printed by W. Baxter, Oxford, 1823 | ||
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* Jochen Bleicken. Die Verfassung der Römischen Republik. - Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, ISBN 3-8252-0460-X | * Jochen Bleicken. Die Verfassung der Römischen Republik. - Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, ISBN 3-8252-0460-X | ||
* Ursula Hackl. Senat und Magistratur in Rom von der Mitte des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis zur Diktatur Sullas. - Lassleben, Kallmünz/Opf, 1982, ISBN 3-7847-4009-X | * Ursula Hackl. Senat und Magistratur in Rom von der Mitte des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis zur Diktatur Sullas. - Lassleben, Kallmünz/Opf, 1982, ISBN 3-7847-4009-X | ||
| − | * Arnold Hugh Martin Jones. The Later Roman Empire 284–602. A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey. - Oxford, 1964 | + | * Arnold Hugh Martin Jones. The Later Roman Empire 284–602. A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey. - Oxford, 1964 |
== Resursi internetā par šo tēmu == | == Resursi internetā par šo tēmu == | ||
Versija, kas saglabāta 2009. gada 5. februāris, plkst. 21.03
Senāts (lat. Senatus - "vecajo padome", no senex - "vecs vīrs", "sirmgalvis") - monarha un konsulu padomdevēja padome Senajā Romā, izveidojusies jau t.s. valdnieku laikā (VIII gs.-509. g.p.m.ē.). Sākotnēji Senāta locekļu - senatoru, - skaits bija 100, vēlāk pieauga līdz 300, Sulla palielināja to līdz 600, bet Cēzars līdz 900, Augusta laikā skaitu samazināja līdz 600, bet domināta laikā palielināja līdz 2000. Sākotnēji senatorus iecēla valdnieks, vēlāk konsuli, pēc tam (no 313. g.p.m.ē.) cenzori, izraugot senatoru kandidātus no bijušajiem maģistrātiem. Cenzori, reizi 5 gados, pārrakstot senatoru sarakstu, varēja svītrot amata necienīgos un to vietā ierakstīt jaunus (visbiežāk bijušos maģistrātus). T.s. republikas laikā (510.-27. g.p.m.ē.) Senāts bija augstākā varas institūcija, kas kūrēja valsts iekš- un ārpolitiku: kultu, finanšu, provinču pārvaldīšanas, armijas uzturēšanas, diplomātisko sakaru u.c. jautājumus. T.s. principāta laikā (28. g.p.m.ē. - 284. g.) Senātu sāka kontrolēt princeps, kurš arī iecēla jaunus senatorus. T.s. domināta laikā (284. g. - 476. g.) Senāta loma kļuva visai simboliska, un pēc tam, kad 330. gadā Konstantinopolē izveidoja otru Senātu, abiem šiem Senātiem lielāko tiesu bija tikai galvaspilsē†u pašvaldību loma.
Literatūra
- Valsts un tiesību vēsture jēdzienos un terminos. / Sast. P.Valters. / - Divergens, Rīga, 2001., 87. lpp.
- Richard Talbert. The Senate of Imperial Rome. - Princeton, 1985, ISBN 0-691-05400-2
- Ihne Wilhelm. Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution. - William Pickering, 1853
- Johnston Harold Whetstone. Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index. - Scott, Foresman and Company, 1891
- Tighe Ambrose. The Development of the Roman Constitution. - D. Apple & Co, 1886
- Von Fritz Kurt. The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity. - Columbia University Press, New York, 1975
- Cameron A. The Later Roman Empire. - Fontana Press, 1993
- Crawford M. The Roman Republic. - Fontana Press, 1978
- Gruen E.S. The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. - U California Press, 1974
- Millar F. The Emperor in the Roman World. - Duckworth, 1977, 1992
- Lintott A. The Constitution of the Roman Republic. - Oxford University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-19-926108-3
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius. The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. Vol. 1. / By Francis Barham, Esq. - Edmund Spettigue, London, 1841
- Polybius. The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek. Vol 2. / By Mr. Hampton. - Printed by W. Baxter, Oxford, 1823
- Jochen Bleicken. Die Verfassung der Römischen Republik. - Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, ISBN 3-8252-0460-X
- Ursula Hackl. Senat und Magistratur in Rom von der Mitte des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis zur Diktatur Sullas. - Lassleben, Kallmünz/Opf, 1982, ISBN 3-7847-4009-X
- Arnold Hugh Martin Jones. The Later Roman Empire 284–602. A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey. - Oxford, 1964
