Dumvirāts
Dumvirāts (lat. duoviratus, duumviratus; no duoviri, duumviri; no duo - "divi" + viri - "vīri") - divu personu kolēģija Senajā Romā, ko iecēla vai ievēlēja noteiktu sabiedrisku pienākumu pildīšanai (attiecīgi šīs kolēģijas nosaukums veidojās kā saliktenis no "duaoviri" un veicamā pienākuma), piemēram, izmeklēt lietas par valsts nodevību, uzticēt tempļa būvi kādam no būvuzņēmējiem (duoviri aedi locandae) un vēlāk to iesvētīt (duoviri aedi dedicandae) u.c. No 311. g.p.m.ē. sāka ievēlēt divus no konsula neatkarīgus kara flotes komandierus (duoviri navales). Zināmākā ir duoviri iure dicundo, kam kolonijās un municipijās (minicipijās biežāk quatuorviri) bija uzticēta kriminālvajāšanas un tiesu vara, analoga konslu varai (tāpēc dažkārt tie dēvēti par "koloniju konsuliem").
Literatūra
- Valsts un tiesību vēsture jēdzienos un terminos. / Sast. P.Valters. - Divergens, Rīga, 2001., 88. lpp.
- Richard A. Bauman. The Duumviri in the Roman Criminal Law and in the Horatius Legend. - F. Steiner, 1969, ISBN 3515002618, ISBN 9783515002615
- Adolf Berger. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law. - The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2002, ISBN 1584771429, ISBN 9781584771425
- Ihne Wilhelm. Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution. - William Pickering, 1853
- Johnston Harold Whetstone. Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index. - Scott, Foresman and Company, 1891
- Tighe Ambrose. The Development of the Roman Constitution. - D. Apple & Co, 1886
- Von Fritz Kurt. The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity. - Columbia University Press, New York, 1975
- Crawford M. The Roman Republic. - Fontana Press, 1978
- Lintott A. The Constitution of the Roman Republic. - Oxford University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-19-926108-3
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius. The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. Vol. 1. / By Francis Barham, Esq. - Edmund Spettigue, London, 1841
- Polybius. The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek. Vol 2. / By Mr. Hampton. - Printed by W. Baxter, Oxford, 1823
- Abbott Frank Frost. A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. - Elibron Classics, 1901, ISBN 0-543-92749-0
- Bauman. The Duumviri in the Roman Criminal Law and in the Horatius Legend. // Historia Einzelschr. 12, Wiesbaden, 1969, 9ff
- Karl Christ. Krise und Untergang der römischen Republik. - Darmstadt, 1979, S. 289
- Jochen Bleicken. Die Verfassung der Römischen Republik. - Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, ISBN 3-8252-0460-X
- Taylor Lily Ross. Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar. - The University of Michigan Press, 1966, ISBN 0-472-08125-X
